1. INTRODUCTION
In September 1996, the 5th Meeting of CCICED affirmed the work of the 1st Phase of the Pollution Control Working Group. The meeting suggested the establishmnt o f the urban water and water resource control plan, and urban energy environmenta l comprehensive planning. It also suggested that trans-regional cooperation woul d benefit the revolutions of trans-regional water & air pollution control, and n ational controlling scheme on climate change should be improved. At the same tim e, it suggested that in the 2nd phase the working group should pay more attentio n to the policy and project demonstration.
Under the direction of Prof. Qu and Dr. Schneider, the pollution control working group selected several new group members. The 2nd phase working group consists now of senior technical and policy specialists. After preparing the 5-year plan, work started at the first meeting of the working group in August 1997.
2. THE PLAN OF THE WORKING GROUP
2.1 Energy and Environmental Planning in typical cities
While China was making "The Ninth Five-Year Plan of National Economy and Social Development, and the Summary of the Planning for the Year 2010", at the same tim e most cities were undertaking energy and environmental planning. But the weakne ss in this planning was how to realize energy and environmental co-ordination. S o it is necesary to select the typical cities and carry out the studies on energ y and environmental coordnation with the typical cities and carry out the studie s on energy and environmental coordination with the utilisation of the planning model, environmental quality planning procedures, different economy developing r ates and different energy supply and environmental cost scenarios. Additionally, these studies will be carried out for the policy and project demonstration in t he field.
2.2 Water Pollution Control Planning in the Guangdong catchment of Zhujiang Rive r Based on the work of the 1st Phase group, further study of the Zhujing River i s to examine water pollution control in the economically developed areas. After the control of the Huaihe River, the Liaohe River and the Haihe River, the main contrents of the study are the survey of water environment of the Zhujiang River , studies on the overall control of water pollutants and engineering control sch emes, and studies on the decison support system and a water environment monitori g system.
2.3 Mitigating CO2 enission and its Demonstration in China
China is a signatory to the Climate Change Framework Convention. Although the co nvention does not have mandatory control requirements for the developing countri es, China should carry out the studies on the mitigation of CO2 emissions accord ing to the need of its own economic mode and sustainable development.
2.4 China's Trans-province Acid Deposition Issues and Regional Control Scheme
Along with the rapid economic development and increased energy consumption in Ch ina, especially coal consumption, pollution caused by sulfur dioxide and acid de position has a trend of increasing. According ot the regulations contained in Ch ina's Law on Air Pollution Control, revised in 1995, the control zones for acid deposition and sulfur dioxide pollution are currently beng designated for the wh ole country. Comprehensive control of acid rain and SO2 pollution will be carrie d out in those designated zones. Research on trans-provncial transport of acid r ain will be undertaken. Additionally, a regional control scheme should be develo ped which will help to control the increasing trends of pollution through more e ffective co-ordnation within different administrative areas. The main content of the work is the development of a long distance transportation model for acid de postition, wich energy consumption and current pollution status, to decide areas sensitive to acid deposition. Studies will be done on a regional basis, and pol icy and project demonstration to implement a comprehensive control scheme will b e undertaken.
Those four projects were approved by the 1st Meeting of thw 2nd Phase of CCICED in October 1997, It will take three to years for the working group to finish the studies on planning and schemes. In the final period of the 2nd Phase, the work ing group will carry out the policy and project demonstration tasks.
After the 1st Meeting of the 2nd Phase of CCICED, first studies were started. Fr om November 1997 to Februar 1998, the working roup held four workshops:
．Stationary Air Pollutant Monitoring Training Workshop
．The Prediction of China's CO2 Emission Workshop
．The Workshop on Environmental Status and Pollution Control Strategies of Zibo City, and
．Risk Hased Decision Making Workshop.
Most of these workshops are the extension of work of the 1st phase working group . For the projects of the 2nd phase, the studies on Water Pollution Control Plan ning for Zhujiang River and the studies on Shanghai Energy and Environmental Pla nning have been started. The proposals for studies on CO2 mitigation and the reg ional control for acid deposition still need adjusting.
Durng this period, the environmental management in China improved. In January 19 98, the State Council of China approved the Acid Ran und SO2 Regional Control Sc heme, established control targets and drafted relative regulations. In the contr ol regions, the local governments, along with the relative coal and electricity departments, will coordinate comprehensive prevention and control planning. In M arch 1998, the government reorganized. While reducing the size of the government , the environmental management department in the State Council was strengthened. The National EPA was upgraded to State EPA in line with the Kyoto Meeting.
Thus the working group held the second meeting in April 1998. The meeting agreed on the following six issues:
1. Combine the "Shanghai Energy and Environmental Project" and "CO2 Mitigation P roject" together, select the demonstration areas in Shanghai for this comprehens ive project, and submit the proposal. The working group will hold a high level i nternational workshop in Shanghai to work on it and seek international funding a nd technical support before the second meeting of CCICED this year.
2. Revise the proposeal for China's Trans-province Acid Deposition Issues and Re gional Control Scheme Project with the international specialists in order to see k international funding and technical support.
3. The training, catchment planning and water wuality model, water pollution con trol technique in typical cities and counties needs international funding and te chnical support. Guangdong EPB will submit the proposel.
4. Select the typical cities for risk-based environmental decision making. USEPA and related institutes will submit the proposal.
5. Carry out a comprehensive survey of air pollution in Shanghai, focused on the source distribution of PM10. Based on the proposal of the Shanghai EPB, the int ernational specialists of the working group will revise it in order to seek inte rnational funding and technical support.
6. Based on the studies of 1st phase working group for four cities, the Dutch ex perts will draft the guideline for Urban Environmental Status and Pollution Cont rol Strategies. After the revision by the working group, the guideline will be s pread through different media.
For those six issues, the working group will hold four workshops and a working g roup meeting before or after the CCICED meeting this year.
After a year's work, the working group has the following experiences:
1. While focused on the regional and international environmental issues, and the keystones of China's environmental protection, the relation of the studies of t he working group and the governmental environmental policy have become clearer a nd received a wider alliance.
2. The projects are directed by the working group's national level experts, whic h strengthens international information exchange and cooperation, making the wor king group more active and efficient.
3. There is much work for the working group to do, including the extension work of the previous group. Therefore, focusing on the important studies, and promoti ng the quality and depth of the studies, are most important for the working grou p.
4. The projects, especially the policy and project demonstration, need more fund ing and technical support. The funding from Canada, Dutch and American governmen ts makes it possible for the working group to invite international experts and t o support the workshops. But the working group does not have enough funding to s upport detailed studies as well as policy and project demonstrations. The workin g group is trying to change this situation. We hope to get more funding and tech nical support for the studies from the council, as well as from the national and international organizations.
